The Age of Chivalry - 814 Words

What was the middle ages in Europe like? Well, a man named Charles T. Wood wrote about it in a book called The Quest for Eternity: Manners and Morals in the Age of Chivalry. In this book, it is divided into four sections: The formation of Medieval Europe, The Age of Expansion, The Apogee and Hard Times and the Chivalric Afterglow. This book contains the living conditions of peasants, the church and the aristocrats. It also includes agricultural revolution such as the invention of the heavy plow and it looks over the fall of the Romans, the Crusades and lastly a time before the Renaissance. The following review of The Quest for Eternity: Manners and Morals in the Age of Chivalry by Charles T. Wood will include a summary of the book and a review. To start off, there is a prologue, which reviews the years before the year 1000. It talks about the Germans, The Roman heritage, Christianity, and the Trinity. This prologue was to show if Charlemagne was successful or not. As the book continues to a time around Strickland 2 1000, Wood’s description of the peasants was well done; the reader will get as accurate a picture of the peasants and their life style. Also, the role of the church is clear and its function in making life a little bit easier to live. Religion meant a lot in the middle ages, especially Christianity. Their devotion to this religion helpedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Chivalry in the Middle Ages: Illusion or Reality?1922 Words   |  8 PagesThe ideals of chivalry are inextricably linked with the medieval period, and even today it is an ideal we still pay lip service to. Many historians however have questioned whether the knights and nobility of the time actually took it any more seriously than we do. Johan Huizinga described it as â€Å"a cloak for a whole world of violence and self-interest† , an â€Å"illusion of society [that] clashed with the reality of things† , and in our rather cynical age, this is probably the predominant view of theRead MoreThe Code of Ch ivalry Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesmotto of chivalry is also the motto of wisdom to serve all, but love only one† (Balzac 1). During the Medieval Age, there once existed a moral system that introduced a set of conducts such as, virtues, honor, and courtly love. This was known as the Code of Chivalry. These codes where available and practiced in knights daily life. The idea of chivalry is extremely valuable to the people, that even everything a knight wore symbolized something valuable or unique. In other words, chivalry was no gameRead MoreEssay on The Medieval knight and Chivalry1383 Words   |  6 Pages The Medieval Knight and Chivalry The Medieval knight followed a strict and detailed Code of Chivalry, which dictated his lifestyles and actions throughout the medieval ages. A man went through a lot to become a knight. The training took years and it was very tedious at times. â€Å"The obligations of knighthood were so heavy that sometimes squires refused knighthood and remained squires all their lives†(Buehr 33). After all the years of training, one day made it all worthwhile. The knighting ceremonyRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1218 Words   |  5 Pages Gawain’s Journey to Meeting the Standards of Courtesy and Chivalry The alliterative poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and The Green Knight† is a story of bravery, yet fearfulness of a young knight and his willingness to stand up out of respect for his king. This Middle Age poem, originated in the late fourteenth century by an unknown author called Gawain’s poet, follows the journey of King Arthur’s nephew, Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain is a knight for the royal court during the time and when the Green Knight questionsRead MoreChanges to Knighthood throughout the Years942 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the years knighthood has changed depending on what the people need and expect during that time period. They also vary on their manners, duties, ages, and skills. Kids start training since the age of seven, especially if they want to be in the arms profession. Start out by serving their fathers, around the age of 12, they then move onto serving the house receiving more advanced instructions in military subjects and morals. The original medieva l nights were originally servants who keptRead MoreThe Ideals Of Knighthood And Chivalry946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Development of the Ideals of Knighthood and Chivalry in Medieval Europe Centuries after the fall of the Roman empire and decades of invasion and violence by the Vikings, North Africans and Magyars, had resulted to a turbulent and violent period spanning several generations in Europe. From this unstable period a warrior society that revolved around castles and rule through arbitrary violence emerged throughout Europe as feudalism. The conflict of outside forces caused a revolution of public justiceRead More##arison Of Chivalry In Terry Gilliams Monty Python And The Holy Grail1412 Words   |  6 PagesIn Beowulf, Beowulf embodies chivalry in his quest for treasure and riches to sustain his kingdom. In Terry Gilliam’s Monty Python and the Holy Grail, the Black Knight embodies chivalry by manning his post at a bridge and protecting it. Despite their different motivations for being chivalrous, both Beowulf and the Black Knight demonstrate how chivalry is unsustainable due to its insatiable demands. To defend my thesis, I will be discussing how each te xt defines chivalry, how the characters in theirRead MoreThe Dark Ages : A Visual And Metaphorical Statement1157 Words   |  5 Pages The Dark Ages has been described as both a visual and metaphorical statement to sum up the years beginning around A.D. 450 and continuing until A.D. 1000.At this time, the Roman Empire did not have an emperor. Collectively, this time period is more popularly known as the middle ages and the common topic of significance is the monasteries and the shift in the church’s focus. Even scholars are truly grasping this concept less and less as the years go on. The term â€Å"Dark Ages† has become too negativeRead MoreThe Middle Ages : Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1742 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Middle Ages designates the time span roughly from the collapse of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance and Reformation† (â€Å"The Middle Ages†). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written in the thirteenth and fourteenth century, along with Morte D’Arthur. Both medieval epics exemplify bravery and courage as their themes. â€Å"The only universal European i nstitution during the Medieval Era was the Catholic Church which had all the local power within the local bishops† (Sagona). The church saw itselfRead MoreChivalry Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesLiterally, chivalry means, â€Å"The sum of the ideal qualifications of a knight, including courtesy, generosity, valor, and dexterity in arms (Random). Chivalry is most known from the middle ages; the time of the knights and kings. There was even something known as the knight’s code of chivalry. All knights were to sympathize with the elderly and the orphans, never accept a reward, always fight to help others, always obey authority, protect their fellow knights’ honor, compete against unfairness,

Views Of Predestination And The Christian Faith - 1653 Words

Views of Predestination: What to Believe This Semester has been great for me with being in Exploring the Christian Faith. It has been a good reminder and has also helped me learn more about my wonderful Lord. We discussed the idea of Predestination, but I will be exploring it even more. Let’s first start off with a definition of predestination. As a doctrine in Christian theology, the divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of Calvin. Let’s break this definition down even a bit more. First, a doctrine is a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group, which makes since because we are talking about Christian Theology. St. Augustine helped form the idea of Neoplatonism. There are many different views of what actually predestination means and how literal is should be taken. Limited View In the New Testament, the word â€Å"predestined† is used six times in six different verses of the bible. In Ephesians one five, it says, â€Å"He predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the kind intention of His will.† Now how do we interpret that? Do we take it in the literal sense that he actually chooses certain people to have a chance, and all others, no matter what they do, will live without him in eternity? â€Å"Those of mankind that are predestined unto life, God,Show MoreRelatedJohn Calvin s Contributions Of The Reformation1370 Words   |  6 Pageshelp establish the Protestant faith among the community of Geneva and throughout Europe. His strength in the reformation was his ability to organize. John Calvin was a major Contributor as a reformer in Geneva. The Protestants were scattered heavily throughout Europe, and were considered leaders of the Reformation. Calvin’s work in the writing of the Institutes would arouse many throughout Europe and give the Protestants the opportunity to present their faith and views as a church and enabled themRead MoreJohn Calvin : A Major Contributor As A Reformer992 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunity to present their faith and views as a church and enabled the Protestants to have a voice. Calvin’s strength as a reformer was his brilliance to organize the Ecclesiastical Ordinances within the church that would bring structure among the elders. John Calvin began impacting the Reformation through writing a treatise that would later lead to the publishing of the Institutes of the Christian Religion. These writings discussed Christian faith from the Protestant view point. Being able to elaborateRead MoreJohn Calvin s Contributions Of The Reformation1325 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity to present their faith and views as a church. Which enabled them to have a voice in Calvin, who was respected for his religious views and the publishing of the institutes. Calvin did not fear the negative attacks the Protestant movement was receiving from other religious figures in the publishing of the Protestant literature. John Calvin began impacting the Reformation through writing a treatise that would later lead to the publishing of the Institutes of the Christian Religion. These writingsRead MoreCalvin and Human Freedom1700 Words   |  7 PagesHistorically, theologians and philosophers have struggled to agree on the ideas of human freedom. This struggle seems to stem from the debate over faith vs. reason, or the internal and external sources that lead to human thought and understanding, through which free will is then interpreted and carried out by means of the will. A hidden and constant strive for spiritual enlightenment has always been embedded within humans since the beginning of the Fall. Through this natural drive of pursuing spiritualRead MorePredestination: Fact, Fiction, or Fate1726 Words   |  7 Pagesgods. Predestination is a concept which most people take the side of free will or fate because people do not want to admit there may be a greater being that has total control and knowledg e; however predestination is more that the decisions that are made are all a part of a greater picture and that people are following a path no matter what they choose. The idea of predestination is not one that is so easily grasped. Many people have different ideas and understandings of what predestination is andRead More Predestination in Book III of John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesPredestination in Book III of Paradise Lost    Miltons purpose in Paradise Lost is nothing less than to assert eternal providence and justify the ways of God to men - a most daunting task.   For Milton to succeed in his endeavour, he has to unravel a number of theologiccal thorns that have troubled christian philosophers for centuries.   Since his epic poem is, essentially, a twelve book argument building to a logical conclusion - the justification of the ways of God to men - he will necessarilyRead MoreImpact of Second Great Awakening on Modern Society1415 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of the Second Great Awakening in Modern-Day Society The Second Great Awakening laid the foundations of the development of present-day religious beliefs and establishments, moral views, and democratic ideals in the United States. Beginning back in late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century,1 this Protestant awakening sought to reach out the un-churched and bring people to a much more personal and vivid experience of Christianity. Starting on the SouthernRead MoreCalvinist vs Anti-Calvinist in Dr.Faustus829 Words   |  4 Pagesof absolute predestination, which dominated the lectures and writings of many English scholars in the latter half of the sixteenth century. According to Calvin, predestination meant that God, acting of his own free will, elects some people to be saved and others to be damned – thus, the individual has no control over his own ultimate fate. This doctrine was the source of great controversy because it was seen by the so-called anti-Calvinists to limit mans free will in re gard to faith and salvationRead MoreProtestant Reformation Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding Martin Luther 95 theses against indulgences. Later on came John Calvin’s work against the Catholic Church including the Geneva reform and his idea of predestination, the idea that God is willing all of the events that can happen in one’s life. Both of these theologians had intentions of creating a truer version of the Christian religion and created their own form and version of Catholicism, Calvinism and Lutheranism. Some viewed these new branches/forms of Christianity as a new way of interpretingRead MoreComparing Calvinism And Arminius Viewpoints And Touch On The View Points1663 Words   |  7 PagesAugustine believed in. But for the purpose of this paper we will look at Calvinism and Arminius viewpoints and touch on the view points of other theologians throughout history to come up with an accurate conclusion of which of the two main theological ideas is most likely the case of election. Election has always been a sensitive subject many in Christian circles. Most Christians lean towards one of two camps. Arminius or Calvinism. These two movements get the most recognition because of how different

What Is Survivors Guilt Definition and Examples

Survivor’s guilt, also called survivor guilt or survivor syndrome, is the condition of feeling guilty after surviving a situation in which others died or were harmed. Importantly, survivor’s guilt often affects individuals who were themselves traumatized by the situation, and who did nothing wrong. The term was first introduced in 1961 as a way of describing the experiences of Holocaust survivors, but it has since been extended to many other situations, including survivors of the AIDS epidemic and survivors of workplace layoffs. Key Takeaways: Survivor's Guilt Survivor’s guilt is the experience of feeling guilty for surviving a situation or experience that caused death or injury to others.Survivor’s guilt is not currently recognized as an official diagnosis, but is associated with post-traumatic stress disorderThe term was first applied in the 1960s to describe Holocaust survivors. It has since been extended to a number of other situations, including survivors of the AIDS epidemic.Survivors guilt may be related to equity theory: the idea that when workers believe they receive more or less pay than a coworker with identical duties, they will attempt to adjust their workload in order to account for the difference in pay. Survivor’s guilt is characterized by a number of psychological symptoms, including depression, anxiety, vivid flashbacks to the traumatic event, lack of motivation, difficulty sleeping, and perceiving one’s identity differently. Many sufferers also experience physical symptoms, like headaches. Although survivor’s guilt is not considered an official psychiatric disorder, it is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. History and Origins â€Å"Survivor syndrome† was described in 1961 by William Niederland, a psychoanalyst who diagnosed and treated survivors of the Holocaust. Through a series of papers, Niederland described the psychological and physical ramifications of the concentration camps, noting that many survivors developed survivor syndrome because of â€Å"the magnitude, severity, and duration† of these traumatic experiences. According to Hutson et al., it was Sigmund Freud who first noted that people feel guilty for their own survival when others die. Niederland’s paper, however, introduced this type of guilt as a syndrome. He also extended the concept to include the fact that survivors guilt includes a sense of impending punishment. The same paper notes that the psychiatrist Arnold Modell expanded how survivor guilt was understood in the context of a family, focusing on specific relations between family members. For example, an individual may unconsciously feel guilty that they are luckier than another family member and may consequently sabotage their own future success. Examples of Survivor’s Guilt Though survivor’s guilt was first coined to describe Holocaust survivors, it has since been applied to many other situations. Some examples are listed below. Survivors of the AIDS epidemic. This group includes anyone who lived during the AIDS epidemic and is still alive. However, because AIDS affected gay male communities with particular severity, survivors guilt is often studied in relation to AIDS and gay men. Sufferers of survivors guilt may be HIV positive or HIV negative, and they may or may not know anyone who died during the epidemic. One study stated that gay men who had had more sexual partners were more likely to experience survivor’s guilt, and that they may feel as if they have been â€Å"spared at random.† Workplace survivors. This term describes employees of a company who feel guilty when other employees suffer job loss or layoffs. Workplace survivors often attribute their retention in the company to luck rather than merit or any other positive traits. Survivors of illnesses. Illness can cause survivors guilt in a number of ways. For example, an individual may feel guilty for testing negative for a genetic condition if other members of their family tested positive. Survivors of chronic illness may also experience survivors guilt when other patients with the same condition die. Key Theories of Survivors Guilt In the workplace, equity theory predicts that workers who think that they are in an unequal situation–for example, that they receive more pay than a coworker who does equal work–will try to make the situation fairer. For example, they may attempt to work harder so that their higher salary is commensurate to their workload. A 1985 study simulated a work environment where an individual (the subject of the study) witnessed a fellow coworker being laid off. The study found that witnessing a layoff significantly impacted the productivity of workplace survivors, who may have increased their productivity to offset the guilt they felt about surviving company layoffs. The study emphasized that further work should be done to explore other factors, such how other emotions—like anxiety over one’s own job security—impact productivity, as well as the extent to which a laboratory experiment could be applied to real-life situations. Equity theory extends beyond the workplace. Survivor’s guilt can occur in many types of social relationships based on how an individual perceives his or her situation compared to others. For example, in the 1985 workplace study, lab participants barely knew their fictional â€Å"coworkers,† but still tended to feel guilty when observing the layoff. However, the strengths of social relationships are important for predicting the magnitude and frequency of survivor’s guilt. In Popular Culture Survivor’s guilt frequently comes up in pop culture. For example, in some iterations of the Superman comic, Superman is the sole survivor of the planet Krypton, and consequently suffers from immense survivors guilt. The iconic singer Elvis Presley was haunted by survivor’s guilt all his life, brought on by his twin brother’s death during childbirth. One biography on Presley suggests that this event also motivated Presley to set himself apart through his musical career. Sources Baumeister RF, Stillwell AM, Heatherton, T. Guilt: an interpersonal approach. Psychol Bull, 1994; 115(2), 243-267.Brockner J, Davy J, Carter, C. Layoffs, self-esteem, and survivor guilt: Motivational, affective, and attitudinal consequences. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process; 36(2), 229-244.Hutson SP, Hall JM, Pack, F. Survivor guilt: Analyzing the concept and its contexts. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 2015; 38(1), 20-33.Kakutani, M. Elvis, from the kitchen to the couch. The New York Times website. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/20/books/elvis-from-the-kitchen-to-the-couch.html. August 20, 1996.Land, E. What is AIDS survivor syndrome? BETA website. February 1, 2018.Ward, T. Survivor guilt: Examining the effect a redundancy situation can have on the psychological contract for those employees left behind. Undergraduate thesis, Dublin, National College of Ireland, 2009.Wayment HA, Silver RC, Kemeny, M. Spared at random: Survivor reactions in the gay community. J Appl Soc Psychol, 1995; 25(3), 187-209 .Wolfe, H. Survivor syndrome: Key considerations and practical steps. Institute for Employment Studies, 2004.

Taking a Look at Cybercrime - 1112 Words

Cybercrime The misuse of computer systems has been a prevalent issue ever since the invention of computers. In this digital age, cybercrime is the fastest growing categories of crime facing many nations. It is pervasive and epidemic, threating billions of computer users and causing damages worth in billions. Every year, the numbers of attacks are increasing in numbers and complexity. And as we become more reliant on information systems, our security and privacy are in increasingly constant threat of compromise. When planning online crime, cybercriminals employ different tactics for various reasons. Their intention can be stealing money, obtaining valuable data, or simply revenge. When the Internet was created, security was not taken into account. Most of the technologies we depend on today have no effective security. The security issues of the internet are due to software thinking everyone is playing by the rules. The design flaw allows cybercriminals to exploit and deliberately cause softwa re to perform tasks that not designed to do. Identity theft, hacking, spamming, and digital piracy---these are the few prevalent forms of cybercrimes. Identity theft is increasingly becoming a prevalent form of cybercrime. Cybercriminals misrepresent themselves by pretending to some else and use others personal information to open accounts or use accounts that already exist. In 2014 â€Å" 22 million Americans had been victimized by..† These crimes cost business and consumers overShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Cybercrime1019 Words   |  4 Pagesuser. The Effect of the cybercrime This cybercrime doesnt give any good effect it is because it not worth by making the cyber crime. By sending a virus to a programmed it can destroy the data above the computer with programmed that eliminated file or put out comprehensive through disk. The impact of the virus is depend on how the it was programmed by the person who create the virus whether it is strong or weak virus that harm to the data of the person. This cybercrime like virus transmission,Read MoreCybercrime And Its Effects On Society1239 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract-This research explores the different forms of cybercrime and its effects on society when compared to several years ago. Moreover, it focuses on the changes that have been made to fight the rise of cybercrimes. With the advances in technology allowing society to stay interconnected online, criminals, both who is not an expert and experienced, have taken advantage of growing opportunities. By taking into consideration the dangers on this issue, it is important to take action and provide solutionsRead MoreIs Cybercrime A Type Of Crime That Is Committed Over The Internet?1206 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals to stay in touch, find information, and even make a living through online businesses. When there are positive points, there are bound to be some negative ones, and that is Cybercrime. Cybercrime is a type of crime that is committed over the Internet using compute rs and networks; also known as Hacking. Cybercrimes are a major issue individual face in today s society; this is because the number of people using the Internet has grown rapidly over the last decade. Technology is available toRead MoreTrends in Cybercrime1083 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Cybercrime is nothing to new in this day and time; this has been a problem for many since the early onset of the 80’s. Although much seems to have been done to combat cybercrime over the years, criminals still have an advantage edge. With IT experts, companies see now just how important it is to involve law enforcement in the efforts to fight against computer crime. Computer cybercrime as we know it today is now used as potentially illegal activities. Many issues surroundingRead MoreCyber Crime And The Internet1326 Words   |  6 Pagesequivalent of more than one third of the world’s total population, had access to the internet in 2011. The study also forecasted that by 2020, the number of networked devices will outnumber people by six to one which could sharply increase the rate of cybercrime. The definition of cyber-crime or computer crime mostly depends on the purpose of using the item. It can be any act of crime that is conducted by a computer over a network. The victim does not even have to know the perpetrator for a crime to beRead MoreCybercrime Bigger Than Terrorism : Cybercrime1275 Words   |  6 PagesCybercrime bigger than Terrorism. â€Å"There are two kinds of people in America today: those who have experienced a foreign cyber attack and know it, and those who have experienced a foreign cyber attack and don t know it.† (Frank Wolf). The world has become more connected today than ever before. The world’s technology is growing larger and the internet’s traffic is boosting. Major internet-related industries are doubling profits because of the online traffic. With all the wonderful and positive thingsRead MoreCybercrime And Cybersecurity : Cybercrime1324 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor T’Mars McCallum CSCI 101 2 April 2017 Cybercrime and Cybersecurity In today’s day and age cybercrime and cybersecurity are serious subjects. Now, back in the day say our parents or grandparents time those weren’t even real topics or non-existent. Cybercrime (hacking) and cybersecurity are still both fairly new and with newness comes problems. Such as, not fully understanding and knowing the ins and outs. Merriam-Webster states that cybercrime is, â€Å"crime (as theft, fraud, intellectual propertyRead MoreCyber Security : The New Wave Of Social Media1604 Words   |  7 Pages Cyber Security If you were to look around a room of young adults or teens today, you would likely notice an eerie silence. A silence accompanied with most of these individuals staring down at their cellphones, the sound of conversation is exchanged for the sound of clicking keys. It’s no secret; this generation relies on their phones and the internet much like food and water. It’s a necessity. With the new wave of social media, which is being used by an alarming 78% of U.S. citizens, theRead MoreCountry Girl Jewelry1509 Words   |  6 PagesThere are now larger issues requiring the Security Department to be responsible for secure transactions for online clients, the personal financial data of all concerned, and a safe and secure network situation). Our first step in this process is to look at the situation carefully and, especially in the era of globalization, manage our security risk level by first considering our risk level. Basic risk management for any organization encomp asses six general parameters 1) The identification of a riskRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Our Daily Lives1540 Words   |  7 Pages The widespread use of internet in our daily lives has brought upon not just positive outcomes, but also negative outcomes an example being cybercrime. We find that the internet is the fastest growing technological infrastructure development in today’s modern world. This is evident due to the emergence of a digital platform trend. The increasing demand of the internet and computers has led to the adoption of computer technology into products that initially used to perform without the

The Dragon Rises China’s Growing Economy Free Essays

China, both as a race and as a geographical place, is a something that the world cannot ignore. The size and population of the country is formidable, and as such, China’s recent economic reforms have called the attention of global market. In just a span of over two decades, China was able to turn its economy around and currently, stands among the world’s major economic forces. We will write a custom essay sample on The Dragon Rises: China’s Growing Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Hui 2003) Its growth has been phenomenal and is still growing at an unprecedented pace. In the past twenty years, China has been able to increase its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by four times, and now is recognized as a global economic power. China has quickly worked its way up in the global economic scene and currently stands in the sixth position of the top trading countries of the world. These events have also lead to the influx of foreign investors which leads to even more growth. (Pei 2007) Experts believe that China’s potential is as large and wide as its physical size and population. (Wanwen 2003) The ebbs and ties of China’s economy have been directly related to the sociological changes that it has been going through, particularly in its more recent history. As such, this paper intends to look at how these sociological events have been instrumental in creating the China that we know today and how its history as a nation continues to shape its people’s collective and individual destiny. In terms of our collective history, China has always been a major world presence, not just in terms of economy, but more so in terms of the legacies that the Chinese civilization has given to us. However, whatever presence that China has had over the course of its history has been obscured by internal conflicts and divisiveness which resulted in China falling to communist rule. Distracted by domestic conflicts and territorial disputes, China failed to keep pace with the Industrial Revolution that swept Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. China fell too far behind and was unable to recover. When the last of its emperors fell, China was left to languish in the shadow of communism which was at its height during Mao Zedong’s rule. (Pei 2007) The failure of communism to provide a better life for the Chinese sowed the seeds of discontent. China’s communist government initiated a series socioeconomic policies that brought more suffering to the people, and an already stumbling country to its knees. Mao’s Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution left what is left of China in ruins. (Mackerras, 2001) After barely half a century of communism, China was ready for a change. When Zedong and his first-generation Chinese communist hardliners died, they were replaced by Deng Xiaoping, a more liberal ruler who laid the foundations for political and societal reforms, which in turn created an environment more conducive to economic growth. As a society, China was gradually emerging from its isolationist and repressive communist past with a government more cognizant of the need for change and openness. In 1979, after decades of isolation, China opened its doors to foreign investors. This was a turning point in the country’s economy. The tremendous size of China’s population, as well as its cheap labor costs made it a haven for production. (Wang 2003) Soon, other multinational businesses followed suit, realizing the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing in China, and the country never looked back since then. Of course, the act of opening China for foreign investments would not have been successful without the creation of more liberal policies that made China attractive to businesses. The government began laying the foundations that would encourage a more market-oriented economy, while maintaining a tight political structure that characterized its socialist orientation. Aside from allowing foreign business to operate in China, these social and economic reforms also included the privatization of agricultural lands. The change from communal farming to individual operations allowed farmers more freedom in so far as the production of their crops is concerned. Mackerras, 2001) More authority and responsibility were passed on from the central government to local officials, who in turn created an environment that encouraged backyard business to develop and flourish. (Wang 2003) Indeed, these massive and sweeping reforms have been successful in effecting the desired changes in China. However, Xiaoping and his followers have been keen to emphasize that the liberalization of society and economy as well as the easing of institutionalized control structures were done not so much to abandon socialism, but to improve it. Tianyu 2003) The Chinese, while eager to embrace change, is more reluctant to admit that socialism is wrong. In the end, the main goal of these reforms was to create a strong socialist country through democratization and modernization of society. The main tenet was that rather than struggle with the West, socialist China had better chances at proving its worth by cooperating with the West, through common economic interests. (Tianyu 2003) China was able to benefit from the initial attempts at reforms made by the European socialists, primarily the Soviet Union and Poland. Coming after their heels, China was able to learn from the mistakes their predecessors have made. China was able to maintain a strong centralized government, while allowing for the decentralization of economic functions. (Tianyu 2003) These societal and economic reforms continued unabated from the late 1970’s until the early 1990’s when China was ready to enter the second phase of its reform campaign. In 1993, Deng Xiaoping announced China’s main goal: that of becoming â€Å"a socialist market economy. † (qtd. n Wang 2003) After successfully laying down the necessary social and legal infrastructures for a free-market, China was now ready to stake its claim in the global market stage. The main characteristic of this second phase revolved around the gradual shift from a planned or constructed economy to one that is more spontaneous and free-flowing. (Wang 2003) Privately owned business flourished, alongside foreign businesses. The goal was to advance the gro wth and penetrate the global arena. In 2001, China marked a milestone with its acceptance in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Finally, the global recognition China has been yearning for has been given, and it was well worth the long wait. By 2003, the third wave of reforms was laid out, with the main goal of creating a stable socialist market economy by 2010 and a perfect socialist market economy by 2020. (qtd. in Wang 2003) The goals are indeed lofty, and while much still remains to be done, it is apparent that China is on the right track, based on the sustained growth the country has been experiencing as of late. Indeed, the social changes that have been put in effect in China have resulted in the economic growth and political power that the country enjoys in the world community. Had China remained a repressed and isolated society, it would still be trapped in the chaos and darkness of its communist past. Of course that is not to say that these changes did not come at a great price. Some sacrifices had to be made, and none of them were easy to do. The modern Chinese society that is modern and liberal was built upon the sacrifices of those who were willing to risk their lives in order to demand for change. Also, while the economy of China is generally healthy, it does not mean that every Chinese individual is experiencing this prosperity. These changes have also created an imbalance in society, where people in urbanized areas enjoying a better standard of living than people living in rural, undeveloped areas of the country. This inequality must be addressed by the Chinese government if it is to be successful in achieving the goals that it has set for itself. In the final analysis, the liberalization of China has been a long time coming. For so long it has languished under ineffective and cruel governments and an oppressive society that has no respect for the individual; a society that China has created for itself. Albeit belatedly, China has now come to its senses and has woken itself up. The winds of change have blown over this great country, awakening the dragon that has been sleeping for so long. For better or for worse, the rising of the dragon is completed and for China, there is no looking back. References Hui, Q. (2003). The Issues of the Chinese Economy Changing Tracks, Social Justice, and Democratization at the Turn of the Century. Chinese Economy, Volume 36, Number 2. pp. 21-89. Lin, Y. (2000). State and Markets under China’s Transformation: Rethinking China’s Economic Transformation. Contemporary Sociology, Vol. 29, No. 4. pp. 608-613. Mackerras, C. (2001). The New Cambridge Handbook of Contemporary China. Cambridge University Press. Pei, M. (2007) Changing State-Society Relations in China. Retrieved on November 28, 2007 from http://www.ceibs.edu/ase/Documents/EuroChinaForum/minxin.htm Tianyu, C. (2003). The Theory and Practice of the Chinese Path. Chinese Economy, Volume 36, Number 4. pp. 67-98. Wang, J. (2003) China and the World Economy. CIEBS. Retrieved on November 28, 2007 from http://www.ceibs.edu/ase/Documents/EuroChinaForum/China’s_Economy_World_files/frame.htm. Wanwen, C. (2003) Globalization and Economic Development. Chinese Economy, Volume 36, Number 1. pp. 48-88. How to cite The Dragon Rises: China’s Growing Economy, Papers

Ethical Dilemmas Health System

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Dilemmas for Health System. Answer: Introduction Australia has a long, mixed health system with both private and private sector roles in the provision and financing of the health care services (Toffoli, Rudge, and Barnes, 2011). The primary goal of the healthcare systems is to provide the good health and equal health care rights and services to all the Australians (Heti.nsw.gov.au, 2016). Moreover, the healthcare system of Australia is a multi-faceted network of private and public providers, participants, settings, as well as, supporting mechanisms. There are a number of health providers and health care settings, which consists of medical practitioners, allied health professions, nurses, clinics, hospitals, non-government and government agencies. The aim of these providers is to deliver efficient services and care across various levels, from preventive services and public health care in the community to the emergency health care services, primary health services, rehabilitation care, and hospital-based care and treatment (Aihw.gov. au, 2014). Registered nurses are often required to work in a vast range of settings including but not limited to a general ward, aged care, paediatrics, emergency, ICU, cardiac, rehabilitation and mental illness (YildirimAycan 2008).Further, it has been observed that the nurses comprises the largest group of workers in a health-care setting in various countries and moreover, in Australia, the nurses constitute the largest group of workers and comprises largest employee group in the healthcare setting. Hence, nursing skills attribute towards the care and outcome of the healthcare services with the patient (Jacob, McKenna, and D'Amore, 2013). Registered Nurse and Ethical Dilemmas Fundamental values related to alleviating the sufferings, as well as, preserving the life of the patients are shared by all the healthcare members of the nursing and medical professions. Nurses are accountable and responsible for providing effective, safe, and ethical care and services to their patients (Mason, 2005). There are different practice standards, as well as, professional codes that govern the nursing in the healthcare setting. For instance, the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia underlines the professional accountability of nurses in the healthcare setting. In Australia, Code of Ethics for Nurses has been developed for the effective management and better understanding of the nursing profession. The Code of Ethics outlines the commitment of the nursing profession to promote, respect, uphold, and protect the fundamentalrights of the individuals who are both providers and the recipients of the nursing, as well as, health care (Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia, 200 8). Moreover, in conjunction with the code of professional conduct for nurses, they set and describe the minimum standards that nurses have to uphold in the regulatory jurisdictions both within, as well as, outside of the professional area and domains for ensuring good standing of the nursing profession in Australia (Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia, 2008). It is the responsibility of a nurse to make sure that the relationship which is based on the goals and plans are therapeutic in purport and outcome is well-maintained. (A nurses guide to professional boundaries, 2010). The registered nurse is legally accountable and responsible for the analysis, synthesis, as well as, evaluation of the data that is collected on clients through the direct observation by the registered nurse (Aihw.gov.au, 2016). However, there is a certain situation where ethical dilemmas arise and nurses have to face these ethical dilemmas to accept or reject the care of the patient. The refusa l of the patient care can lead to the ethical and legal dilemmas and may possess the implications on the practice of the individual as a health care professional (Turkoski, 2003). Refusal of the patient allocation and Ethical dilemma: The ability to assign tasks, delegate, and supervision are the primary skills required of the registered nurse in any sphere and level of the practice in a healthcare setting. Moreover, the registered nurse has the duty of carrying out the proper assessment, implementation, planning, and evaluation of the role of the provision of healthcare services to the patient (White and Dudley-Brown, 2012). The nursing staff who values the quality of the nursing care also recognize and understand that they are responsible for the decision-making regarding the care of the patient, accepting their legal and moral responsibilities to ensure that they possess the skills, knowledge, and experience, which is necessary and required for providing competent and safe nursing care to the patient, as well as, also to ensure that they practise their care within the boundaries and ethics of their professional position. However, in certain situations where the patient allocation is unsafe or risky, an ethical dilemma arises for the registered nurse to accept or refuse the patient. The action of the registered nurse may lead to the consequences on the professional life of the individual (Guidelines for the registered nurse in giving, accepting, or rejecting an assignment, 1997). Hence, refusal of the patient by the registered nurse should be within the norms of the ethics and conduct of the nursing care. For instance, according to the code of ethics for nurses in Australia, a registered nurse can refuse to participate in the treatment and care of the patient in case, the case is unacceptable on the religious or moral grounds of the nurse. Hence, if the provision of the care conflicts with the religious beliefs or cultural values of the registered nurse, the nurse may refuse the allocation of the patient or an assignment and will be protected against the retaliation (Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia, 2008). In this case, the refusal of the patient by the nurse is within the norms of the code of ethics for the nurse and does not lead to the ethical dilemma. However, in some cases, the refusal of the patient can lead to the ethical dilemma. For instance, refusing the allocation of the patient if the case is unsafe or risky, like in care of the communicable diseases or pandemic break can lead to the ethical dilemma depending upon the nature of the case. A registered nurse can also maintain their own safety and promote quality practice by adhereing to procedures, precautions, protocols and guidelines created to protect staff and consumers of health care. For example preventing the spread of dieseases to other patients, staff or people in the community, by adheraring to infection control stadards for which there are various measures for different circumstances (Pittet 2005). Such as Personal Protective equipment for infectious patients, needle stick injury protocols and hand hygiene workshops. More over it is the registered nurses responsibility to know what to do if infection control is breached and then to report it to prevent or reduce the risk of it from happening again. However, in the case, where nurse receives an assignment or allocation of the patient is done that is considered unsafe to deal or perform independently, the registered nurse has the right, as well as, obligation to request a modified assignment and patient allocation, which reflects the level of competence of the registered nurse (Whitehead, Weiss and Tappen, 2007). Declining the allocation of the patient or nursing assignment can result in the workplace tension and stress, and in some cases, it could also lead to the loss of confidence by the healthcare management. Hence, it is very important to possess a healthy balance between personal, as well as, professional lives, and it often involves saying 'no' at certain times (Tschudin and Davis, 2008). As conscientious objection is allowed according to the code of ethics for nurses in Australia. According to the American Nurses Association, the registered nurses have the right to reject the nursing assignment that can put the patient or themselves in immediate and serious jeopardy. Moreover, even in the case where the nurse is allocated a nursing assignment where the nurse believes that he/she is not having required skills, knowledge, or experience that are necessary to perform and provide the duties in the allocated case, he/she should consult the supervisor and should state that she/he cannot accept the allocation of the assignment or the patient. However, it requires following proper steps and actions by the concerned authority and the registered nurse is liable to be answerable to the authority (Ketefian, 2000). As the foremost duty of the nurse is effective care of the patient, the inefficient skills or knowledge of the nurse about the case would affect the outcome of the care on the patient. This is why refusal of patient allocation is allowed in case no effect on the continuum of the care is observed (Schoonover-Shoffner, 2007). Registered nurses, as well as, licensed practical nurses, share the accountability and the responsibility along with the employer for ensuring the provision of effective and safe nursing care to the patients. However, there are certain cases where to face the questionable situation when the patient refuses the care. During these situations, it is very important for the nurses to explore various options in the most positive manner keeping in mind that the patients safe care along with the maintenance of their autonomy is their foremost duty. There are various situations where the patient refuses care on the basis of their spiritual and religious beliefs (Stringer, 2009). For instance, in Muslim culture, the chastity, modesty, and restraint for women are important. This highly valued modesty based on these cultural and religious beliefs make women reluctant to seek health care such as pelvic examination or cystoscopy. Hence, in some cases, Muslim women refuses seeking examination based on their religious beliefs of not allowing intimate exposures. According to the cultural and religious beliefs of Jehovahs Witness, it is not acceptable to have blood products or blood transfusion, based on their biblical readings. The people belonging to this community faces an obstacle in seeking proper treatment due to their faiths and beliefs as they refuse blood or blood products (Chand, Subramanya, and Rao, 2014). For instance, in Muslim culture, there are strongly religious and culture based concerns regarding modesty, most prominently seeking treatment from someone who is of opposite sex. A Muslim woman cannot seek care from the male nurse and vice-versa. Moreover, according to the Islamic culture, if the man dies at the hand of a female, they will be deprived of being virgins when they die and goes to hell (Leaman, 2010). Hence, the male Muslims during their dying hours refuse to get care from the female nurse because of the fear of dying in the hands of the female nurse. These kinds of activities are the cultural and religious beliefs of their tradition and these situations raise ethical dilemmas for nurses during the provision of the health care services and care. In this kind of ethical dilemmas, there is a contrast of research-based insights and knowledge gained by the nurses during their nursing practices to the beliefs achieved from this kind of things like religious beliefs (Stringer, 2009). In case, there is a limited male staff nurse in the healthcare organization, the situation can raise an ethical dilemma against the provision of the healthcare services to the patient. There are various other situations that can lead to ethical dilemmas in the healthcare setting. For instance, what should be the intervention and plan for the nurse who is dealing with the patient that requires transfusion for a living but has the religious or cultural beliefs where transfusions and blood products are not acceptable as in the case of Jehovahs Witness. The nu rse is very much familiar with the fact that the patients live can be threatened if no transfusion is provided, but cannot continue to the process against the will of the patient. The ethical principles regarding the autonomy of the patient versus beneficence of the patient come into conflict where a healthcare practitioner believes that the transfusion is necessary and is in the patients interest, but the client refuses to undergo transfusion (Stringer, 2009). An effective and immediate communication regarding the situation among the staff members and shift coordinator to make necessary allocation changes should be made. Moreover, patient should be aware about the consequences of refusal of the care. To respect the personal and cultural beliefs of the clients is the foremost duty of the nurses and they have to work maintaining the autonomy of the patient (Knapp, Lemoncelli and VandeCreek, 2010). Response to the complaints to the Midwifery Nursing Board or Director of Nursing: Legal and ethical requirements for the practice by nurses exist to ensure the health, welfare, and safety of the general public, as well as, to protect nursing professions integrity. However, there are certain cases, where the nurses refuse the care of the patient and in this case, the refusal of the care and treatment of the patient could raise an ethical dilemma against the registered nurse. As a result, a situation can occur where a complaint is made against the action of the nurse of refusing the allocation or care of the patient. Hence, an investigation will be made in the case of refusing care in case the complaint is filed against the registered nurse (Anon, 2009). The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (SA) is the most powerful industrial and professional organization composed of registered nurses, personal care assistants, and midwives. The main objective of the organization is to encourage and promote the community engagement on various issues that can impact the n ursing profession. They are the leading voice for the midwives, nurses, as well as, personal care assistants, which works together for negotiating the positive results for their members at state, local, and federal levels. Hence, the foremost step of the registered nurse should be getting enrolled in this organization and becoming a member of it. Being a member of this organization can help the nurse in various situations where ethical dilemmas occur and they can seek advice related to it for being conscientious (Anmfsa.org.au, 2016). The nurse should always remain to prepare the disciplinary actions that may result due to the decision of refusing an allocation of the patient. Therefore, at the time of refusal of the allocation of the patient, the registered nurse must provide a written documentation regarding the reason for refusing the care of the patient. The registered nurse should also keep a copy of the provided documentation with themselves and the steps that were taken durin g the situation. The documentation can provide a record which is valid regarding the situation in case of future references (Massnurses.org, 2016). The registered nurse should be able to provide a clear and evident reason that on what basis he or she have rejected the care of the patient, whether the reason for rejection is based on the moral grounds, religious beliefs, cultural beliefs, safety, or risk related to the care. The nurse should be able to provide an open, prompt, and constructive response, which also included an explanation of the related action (Medicalboard.gov.au, 2016). Moreover, the registered nurse should also be aware of the different options to contest any kind of disciplinary action if taken by the authority (Massnurses.org, 2016). The registered nurse can also take a legal advice regarding the situation and possible solutions when there is an ethical dilemma within the healthcare setting. Conclusion The Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia describes the set of various expected standards of nursing and the required conduct for the nurses in Australia. Any kind of breach of this Code of conduct may raise an unprofessional conduct or professional misconduct. Hence, nurses have the responsibility of providing a safe, as well as, competent care to each and every individual who is seeking medical and health care. Moreover, there are certain guidelines related to the code of ethics under which the nurse and other healthcare professionals have to provide the care to the patients. However, in any situation it is found that the nurse or midwife has not followed the code of ethics and other legal regulations during the provision of the care to the patient, the Nursing and Midwifery Council nursing would use these set of requirements and guidelines that are outlined for assessment of the performance and actions of any nurse or midwife involved in such a situation and will de termine if any kind of disciplinary action is required against the midwife or nurse or not. The situations that raise ethical issues for the nurse generally includes a conflict amongst the professional obligations of the nurse towards the patient and his or her personal obligations. Hence, the registered nurses should use a problem-solving method and approach which is ethically sound and can help the registered nurses for considering the relevant factors, as well as, best solutions for the ethical dilemmas (Anon, 2013). References A nurses guide to professional boundaries. (2010).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Aihw.gov.au. (2014).Australia's health system (AIHW). [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/health-system/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Aihw.gov.au. (2016).Nursing workforce definitions (AIHW). [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/nursing-workforce-definitions/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Anmfsa.org.au. (2016).Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (SA Branch) | Protecting. Developing. Empowering.. [online] Available at: https://www.anmfsa.org.au/ [Accessed 12 Oct. 2016]. Anon, (2009).Refusing Assignments and Discontinuing Nursing Services. [online] Available at: https://www.cno.org/globalassets/docs/prac/41070_refusing.pdf [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Anon, (2013).Professional obligations of nurses and midwives to ensure safe patient care. [online] Available at: https://www.nswnma.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Campaign-Ratios-Resources-safe-patient-care-and-nurse-professional-obligations-attachment-Safe-Patient-Care-and-Nurse-Professional-Obligation-DL-FINAL.pdf [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Chand, N., Subramanya, H. and Rao, G. (2014). Management of patients who refuse blood transfusion.Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 58(5), p.658. Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. (2008).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia. (2008).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Guidelines for the registered nurse in giving, accepting, or rejecting an assignment. (1997). Seattle: Washington State Nurses Association. Heti.nsw.gov.au. (2016).The Australian healthcare system - HETI. [online] Available at: https://www.heti.nsw.gov.au/international-medical-graduate/australian-healthcare-system/ [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Jacob, E., McKenna, L. and D'Amore, A. (2013). The changing skill mix in nursing: considerations for and against different levels of nurse.J NursManag, 23(4), pp.421-426. Ketefian, S. (2000). Legal and ethical issues: Ethical considerations in international nursing.Journal of Professional Nursing, 16(5), p.257. Knapp, S., Lemoncelli, J. and VandeCreek, L. (2010). Ethical responses when patients' religious beliefs appear to harm their well-being.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41(5), pp.405-412. Leaman, O. (2010). Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, by Andrew Rippin.Ilahiyat Studies, 1(1), pp.238-240. Mason, J. (2005). The ethical dilemmas of nursing.Aust. Health Review, 29(1), p.123. Massnurses.org. (2016).Application - Accept or Reject an Assignment - Nursing Practice - Nursing Resources - Massachusetts Nurses Association. [online] Available at: https://www.massnurses.org/nursing-resources/nursing-practice/accept-reject/application [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Medicalboard.gov.au. (2016).Medical Board of Australia - Code of conduct. [online] Available at: https://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Policies/Code-of-conduct.aspx [Accessed 10 Sep. 2016]. Pittet D, 2005, Infection control and quality health care in the new millenium, American Journal of Infection Control, vol. 33, no.5, pp. 258-267. Schoonover-Shoffner, K. (2007). Thinking Through Ethical Dilemmas.Journal of Christian Nursing, 24(4), p.180. Stringer, S. (2009). Ethical issues involved in patient refusal of life-saving treatment.Cancer Nursing Practice, 8(3), pp.30-33. Toffoli, L., Rudge, T. and Barnes, L. (2011). The work of nurses in private health: Accounting for the intangibles in care delivery.Health Sociology Review, 20(3), pp.338-351. Tschudin, V. and Davis, A. (2008).The globalisation of nursing. Oxford: Radcliffe Pub. Turkoski, B. (2003). Ethical Dilemma.Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal for the Home Care and Hospice Professional, 21(8), pp.518-521. White, K. and Dudley-Brown, S. (2012).Translation of evidence into nursing and health care practice. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Whitehead, D., Weiss, S. and Tappen, R. (2007).Essentials of nursing leadership and management. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co. Yildirim, D Aycan Z 2008, Nurses work demands and work-family conflict: A questionnaire survey, International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol. 45, No. 9, pp. 1366-1378.

Effect of Seguro Popular on Health National Policy

Question: Describe one national policy related to healthcare in a developing nation (Mexico) and developed nation (Canada)? Answer: National healthcare policies are the plans, decisions and actions undertaken for achieving specific healthcare goals in the country. These policies are made for achieving targets like defining a vision for the future, setting priorities and roles of the communities and building consensus and awareness among people. Every nation, developing or developed, has distinct health policies in place for achieving better health outcomes among the people. The present writing is one national healthcare policy of the developed nation Canada and one healthcare policy of the developing nation Mexico. Canada puts forward a public policy known as The Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP) Policy. The policy is effective from November 5, 2014. This particular policy provides temporary, limited and taxpayer-funded coverage of healthcare-benefits to refugees, refugee claimants and others who are not eligible for territorial or provincial health insurance. The policy has six types of coverage. The first type is Basic, Supplemental and Prescription Drug Coverage. The second type is Basic and Prescription Drug Coverage. The third type is Basic and Public Health or Public Safety Prescription Drug Coverage. The fourth type is Basic and Public Health or Public Safety Prescription Drug Coverage. The fifth type is Coverage for persons detained under theImmigration and Refugee Protection Act and lastly the sixth type is Coverage for the Immigration Medical Examination (Raza et al., 2012). There is flexible authority to pay distinct costs in relation to healthcare in compelling and some exceptio nal circumstances. In addition, the policy also helps to protect the public health and public safety. It also provides coverage more generous than the programs that are government-funded. The program provides coverage on an interim basis and does not cover all migrants not covered by provincial programs. Canadian citizens are not covered under this policy. Moreover, it does not have provision for health-care products and services where there is a chance of making a claim under a private insurance plan (Sheikh et al., 2013). One of the well-established and key health care policy of Mexico is the National Commission for Social Welfare in Healthcare, known as the Seguro Popular. The aim of having this health policy is to have a universal health coverage. This is a national insurance program in particular that was introduced in 2003 and provides access to a package of complete health services and gives financial protection to the Mexicans. It reduces the inequality present in healthcare by guaranteeing broad health coverage to around 50% of the citizens not enrolled in the traditional insurance programs. There is a presence of equality between universal coverage and social protection of health (vila-Burgos et al., 2013). The policy is a nation-wide health care program set up for designing a safety-net for covering citizens not enrolled in Mexicos social security system, called theInstituto Mexicano de Seguro Social, or IMMS. The service makes sure that all citizens get health care services regardless of the socio-economic status. The policy is mostly used by the citizens who do not have any formal employment and who cannot cover the subscriptions to IMMS. One of the key aspects of the policy is that it created binding of legal financial obligations in health care (Knaul et al., 2012). References vila-Burgos, L., Servn-Mori, E., Wirtz, V. J., Sosa-Rub, S. G., Salinas-Rodrguez, A. (2013). Effect of Seguro Popular on health expenditure in Mexican households ten years after its implementation.Salud Pblica de Mxico,55, S91-S99. Knaul, F., Gonzlez-Pier, E., Gmez-Dants, O., Garca-Junco, D., Arreola-Ornelas, H., Barraza-Llorns, M. et al. (2012). The quest for universal health coverage: achieving social protection for all in Mexico.The Lancet,380(9849), 1259-1279. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61068-x Raza, D., Rashid, M., Redwood-Campbell, L., Rouleau, K., Berger, P. (2012). A moral duty Why Canadas cuts to refugee health must be reversed.Canadian Family Physician,58(7), 728-729. Sheikh, H., Rashid, M., Berger, P., Hulme, J. (2013). Refugee health Providing the best possible care in the face of crippling cuts.Canadian Family Physician,59(6), 605-606.